Depth of field (DoF) is the range of distance in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. A shallow depth of field means only a small part is in focus — like a person’s eyes with a blurry background. A deep depth of field means most or all of the image is sharp — like a landscape with everything from front to back in focus.
What Affects Depth of Field?
Three main factors control depth of field:
- Aperture: Wider apertures (lower f-numbers) produce a shallower depth of field.
- Distance: Closer subjects = shallower depth. Stepping back increases depth.
- Focal length: Longer lenses compress the image and reduce depth of field.
When to Use Shallow or Deep Focus
- Shallow DoF: Portraits, macro shots, or to isolate your subject.
- Deep DoF: Landscapes, group photos, architecture.
Understanding depth of field gives you creative control over what your viewer focuses on — both literally and emotionally.
Tips
- Use Aperture Priority mode to control DoF easily.
- Focus carefully when shooting with shallow depth — there’s less room for error.
- Previewing depth of field on your camera (if supported) can help plan the shot.